Founding and Early Years (1700s-1800s) Purposeful Planning: Raleigh was one of the few state capitals in the U.S. to be purposefully planned, chosen for its central location to protect it from potential attacks from the coast.  Official Establishment: The city was officially established in 1792 as the new state capital and county seat.  Early Development: The first State House opened in 1794, serving as the center for governmental and community activities.  Growth and Industrialization (1800s)  Railroad's Impact: The arrival of the railroad in the 1840s sparked new industries and accelerated the city's growth. Academic Foundation: By the late 19th century, the city's development became increasingly linked to its academic institutions, laying a foundation for its future. Modern Raleigh (20th Century-Today) City of Oaks: Raleigh is affectionately known as the "City of Oaks" due to the abundance of oak trees lining its streets and providing a lush canopy.  Cultural and Educational Hub: Today, Raleigh is recognized as a major center for education and technology, often referred to as the "Smithsonian of the South" for its numerous museums and cultural institutions.  Recreation: The city boasts over 100 miles of greenway trails, including the 30-mile Neuse River Greenway, offering year-round outdoor recreation.  Historic Preservation: Historic sites like the City of Raleigh Museum, housed in a 19th-century building, and the Joel Lane Museum House, preserve and showcase the city's rich history and heritage.